Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to Submandibular Gland: A Rare Occurrence

Approximately 20-30% of patients affected by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) present with metastatic disease, and 20% to 40% undergoing nephrectomy for clinically localized disease will develop metastases. A 53 years old female patient developed a left submandibular swelling. Four years before she experienced a left radical nephrectomy for a clear cell tumor and two years later right kidney was removed for a cancer having the same histologic subtype. In that circumstance duodenal pancreasectomy was required for infiltration of pancreatic gland. A sialoadenectomy has been performed and pathology demonstrated an intraglandular neoplasm with characteristics of a clear renal cell carcinoma. Although it is extremely rare, submandibular salivary gland may be a site of RCC metastasis. Diagnosis of metastatic disease for patients affected by submandibular swelling with a previous history of RCC should be always considered

Low loss, high contrast optical waveguides based on CMOS compatible LPCVD processing: technology and experimental results

A new class of integrated optical waveguide structures is presented, based on low cost CMOS compatible LPCVD processing. This technology allows for medium and high index contrast waveguides with very low channel attenuation. The geometry is basically formed by a rectangular cross-section silicon nitride (Si3N4) filled with and encapsulated by silicon dioxide (SiO2). The birefringence and minimal bend radius of the waveguide is completely controlled by the geometry of the waveguide layer structures. Experiments on typical geometries will be presented, showing excellent characteristics (channel attenuation ≤ 0.1 dB/cm, IL ≤ 1.5 dB, PDL ≤ 0.2 dB, Bg ≤ 1×10-4, bend radius « 1 mm)

Breakthroughs in Photonics 2013: Toward Feedback-Controlled Integrated Photonics

We present an overview of the main achievements obtained in 2013 on the monitoring, stabilization, and feedback loop control of passive and active photonic integrated circuits. Key advances contributed to the evolution of photonic technologies from the current device level toward complex, adaptive, and reconfigurable integrated circuits

Tunable delay lines in silicon photonics: coupled resonators and photonic crystals, a comparison

In this paper, we report a direct comparison between coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) and photonic crystal waveguides (PhCWs), which have both been exploited as tunable delay lines. The two structures were fabricated on the same silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technological platform, with the same fabrication facilities and evaluated under the same signal bit-rate conditions. We compare the frequency- and time-domain response of the two structures; the physical mechanism underlying the tuning of the delay; the main limits induced by loss, dispersion, and structural disorder; and the impact of CROW and PhCW tunable delay lines on the transmission of data stream intensity and phase modulated up to 100 Gb/s. The main result of this study is that, in the considered domain of applications, CROWs and PhCWs behave much more similarly than one would expect. At data rates around 100 Gb/s, CROWs and PhCWs can be placed in competition. Lower data rates, where longer absolute delays are required and propagation loss becomes a critical issue, are the preferred domain of CROWs fabricated with large ring resonators, while at data rates in the terabit range, PhCWs remain the leading technology

Low loss, high contrast optical waveguides based on CMOS compatible LPCVD processing

A new class of integrated optical waveguide structures is presented, based on low cost CMOS compatible LPCVD processing. This technology allows for medium and high index contrast waveguides with very low channel attenuation. The geometry is basically formed by a rectangular cross-section silicon nitride $(Si_{3}N_{4})$ filled with and encapsulated by silicon dioxide $(SiO_{2})$. The birefringence and minimal bend radius of the waveguide is completely controlled by the geometry of the waveguide layer structures. Experiments on typical geometries will be presented, showing excellent characteristics (channel attenuation ≤0.06 dB/cm, IL ≤0.6 dB, PDL ≤0.2 dB, Bg «1 x $10^{-3}$, bend radius ≤500 μm)

Memory guidance of value-based decision making at an abstract level of representation

Value-based decisions about alternatives we have never experienced can be guided by associations between current choice options and memories of prior reward. A critical question is how similar memories need to be to the current situation to effectively guide decisions. We address this question in the context of associative learning of faces using a sensory preconditioning paradigm. We find that memories of reward spread along established associations between faces to guide decision making. While memory guidance is specific for associated facial identities, it does not only occur for the specific images that were originally encountered. Instead, memory guidance generalizes across different images of the associated identities. This suggests that memory guidance does not rely on a pictorial format of representation but on a higher, view-invariant level of abstraction. Thus, memory guidance operates on a level of representation that neither over- nor underspecifies associative relationships in the context of obtaining reward

A variable delay integrated receiver for differential phase-shift keying optical transmission systems

An integrated variable delay receiver for DPSK optical transmission systems is presented. The device is realized in silicon-on-insulator technology and can be used to detect DPSK signals at any bit-rates between 10 and 15 Gbit/s

A modular modelling approach to stochastic simulation of production – logistic systems

The economic scenario today is highly competitive in terms of costs and number of competitors, so it isnecessary to adopt strategies that allow the constant improvement of manufacturing processes withinthe spending constrains. Simulation models are useful to support and drive company management inimproving the performances of production and logistic systems. The costs of simulation modeldevelopment could be reduced by the reuse of some of its parts. This work presents a case studyconcerning stochastic modeling of a small manufacture operating into the wood products field. Amodular simulation model composed of reusable sub-models has been developed using AutoMod™software package. The aim of the modular architecture is to allow the use of sub-models in differentproduction systems with little changes, decreasing the costs of development in order to became moreaffordable in a SME (small medium enterprise) contest